Asthma is a common lung condition that causes sporadic breathing difficulties. It often starts in childhood, although it can also develop in adults, and affects people of all ages. There is currently no cure, but treatment can help control the symptoms. Patients can live full and rewarding lives with the right treatment and management. Asthma is caused by the swelling and narrowing of the tubes that carry air to and from the lungs.
Causes
Asthma is caused by the swelling and narrowing of the tubes that carry air to and from the lungs. The fundamental causes of the disease are likely to be a combination of genetics – for example if your parents have it or it is common in your family – and external triggers, such as:
- Allergies to house dust mites, pollen and animal fur.
- Tobacco smoke, pollution and cold air.
- Chemical irritants in the workplace such as paint, varnishes and adhesives.
Other triggers can include extreme emotional duress, exercise, and for some people, certain medicines.
Symptoms
Breathlessness, coughing and wheezing. The severity and frequency of the symptoms vary from person to person, and for some, become worse during physical activity and at night. Symptoms sometimes get significantly worse. This is commonly known as an asthma attack.
Asthma attacks
Asthma attacks can be fatal but are largely preventable and manageable. Breathlessness, coughing and wheezing will likely be worse, and the patient may be too breathless to speak, eat or sleep. If a person appears to be having an asthma attack they should sit up straight and take slow, regular breaths, and take regular breaths from their inhaler, as per their treatment plan instructions. If possible, a medical professional should be contacted immediately. Regular checkups and the right treatment will help prevent Asthma attacks.
Treatment and living with asthma
Asthma is incurable, but manageable. Treatment and vigilance and regular medical checks are crucial. Patients can live rewarding, fulfilling lives with the right treatment. Asthma is often treated using an inhaler to breathe in medicines. People with ongoing symptoms will need to take daily medication for the long-term. It’s also important for people living with asthma to avoid triggers. With medical support, individuals should learn what their own triggers are and take steps to avoid them.
Other complications
Symptoms can also cause sleeplessness, daytime fatigue, and missing commitments such as school and work.
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